Abstract

This variable contains anthropometric information which can be used as an indicator for human health and welfare in 165 countries spanning the period 1810-1989, and a smaller number of countries 1500-1800

Author(s)

Baten, Joerg, University of Tuebingen.; Blum, Mathias, Technical University Munich (formerly University of Tuebingen)

Production date

2013-12-26

Variable(s)

Male height equivalent in cm

Keywords

Height, Anthropometrics, Living Standard

Time period

1500 -1980. All data refer to the birth decadal average (1810 means 1810-19 etc), except those before 1800, which sometimes refer to half centuries

Geographical coverage

Worldwide

Methodologies used for data collection and processing

Reconstruction of heights by birth decade using a variety of different sources. See also the text below

Period of collection

See references

Data collectors

Joerg Baten, Mathias Blum, and many colleagues from around the world


As good as possible, but counter-checking and improvement welcome

General references

As almost none of the original height estimates entered the data set unchanged, the general references which should be cited is for the post-1800 period:

Baten, Joerg and Matthias Blum, “Growing Taller, but Unequal: Biological Well-Being in World Regions and Its Determinants, 1810-1989.” Economic History of Developing Regions (forthcoming 2012).

And for the pre-1800 period, the standard reference is

Koepke, Nikola and Baten, Joerg "The Biological Standard of Living in Europe During the Last Two Millennia," in European Review of Economic History 9-1 (2005), pp. 61-95.

As the underlying height data comes from a variety of sources, here is the list for the pre 1800 period:

A’Hearn, B. A. (2003), “Anthropometric Evidence on Living Standards in Northern Italy,1730-1860”, The Journal of Economic History, 63, 2

Baten, Joerg (2013), “Height trends in Peru, 18th century”, Working Paper Univ. Tuebingen.

Baten, J. and M. Blum (2012) “Growing Taller, but Unequal: Biological Well-Being in World Regions and Its Determinants, 1810-1989”, Economic History of Developing Regions 27 (2012), pp.S66-S85

Baten, Joerg (2013b) “Heights in Belgium and the Netherlands during the 18th century: New Estimations”. Working Paper Univ. Tuebingen.

Baten, Joerg and Ricardo Salvatore (1998) "A Most Difficult Case of Estimation: Argentinian Heights, 1770-1840” The Biological Standard of Living in Comparative Perspective. Stuttgart 1998, pp. 90-96

Baten, J., Stegl M. and P. van der Eng “The Biological Standard of Living and Body Height in Colonial and Post-colonial Indonesia, 1770–2000”, Journal of Bioeconomics 15 (2013): 103-122

Camara, Antonio D. (2009) “Long-Term Trends in Height in Rural Eastern Andalusia (1750-1950)”, Historia Agraria, 47, pp. 45-67

Cinnirella, F. (2008): On the Road to Industrialization: The Biological Standard of Living in Saxony, 18th and 19th Century, Cliometrica 2 (3), 229-257

Cinnirella, F. (2008) “Optimists or pessimists? A reconsideration of nutritional status in Britain, 1740–1865”, European Review of Economic History ,12, pp. 325–354

Costa, D. and Richard Steckel (1997) “Health and Welfare during Industrialization”, National Bureau of Economics Research, University of Chicago Press 1997, pp. 50-52

Eltis, David (2013), Database on African slaves http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/database/download.faces , last accessed December 16th, 2013.

Heintel, M., Sandberg, L. S. and Steckel, R. H. (1998), “Swedish Historical Heights Revisited: New Estimation Techniques and Results”, in Komlos and Baten (eds.), The Biological Standard of Living in Comparative Perspective, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 449-458.

Komlos, J. (1985) “Stature and Nutrition in the Habsburg Monarchy: the Standard of Living and Economic”, The American Historical Review, 90, 5

Komlos, J. (2003): An anthropometric history of early- modern France, European Review of Economic History, 7, 159-189

Komlos, J. and Francesco Cinnirella (2006): European Heights in the Early 18th Century. Munich Discussion Paper No. 2005-5

Mironov, B. (2005) “The Burden of Grandeur: Physical and Economic Well-Being of the Russian Population in the Eighteenth century” in ALLEN, BENGTSSON and DRIBE (eds.), Living Standards in the Past, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 255-277

Mironov, B. (2012) “The Standard of Living and Revolutions in Imperial Russia, 1700-1917”, Routledge, Abingdon 2012, p.95 and p. 215

Neuss (2008 “Der Biologische Lebensstandard auf Mauritius während des späten 18. Und frühen 19. Jahrhundert”. Unpubilshed Diploma Thesis Univ. Tübingen.

Steffens, Philipp (2008) “Der biologische Lebensstandard afrikanischer Sklaven auf Mauritius“, Tübingen

Salvatore, Ricardo et. al (2010) "Living Standards in Latin American History, Height, Welfare and Development, 1750-2000", David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, p.38

Stolz, Yvonne, Baten, J., Reis J. and (2013) “Portuguese Living Standards 1720-1980 in European Comparison – Heights, Income and Human Capital”, Economic History Review 66-2 (2013), pp. 545-578

As the underlying height data comes from a variety of sources, here is the list for the post 1800 period:

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A'Hearn, Brian. “The Antebellum Puzzle Revisited: A New Look at the Physical Stature of Union Army Recruits during the Civil War.” In The Biological Standard of Living in Comparative Perspective, edited by J. Komlos and J. Baten, 250-267. Stuttgart, 1998.

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A'Hearn, Brian. Data set on Italian Conscripts, friendly provided by Brian A'Hearn, on the Background see A'Hearn 2003. (2006)

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Caribbean

Anguilla[No Data]

Antigua and Barbuda1500 (5)-2013 (21)

Aruba[No Data]

Bahamas1500 (5)-2013 (23)

Barbados1500 (5)-2016 (28)

Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba[No Data]

British Virgin Islands[No Data]

Cayman Islands[No Data]

Cuba1500 (8)-2016 (35)

Curaçao[No Data]

Dominica1500 (5)-2016 (21)

Dominican Republic1500 (6)-2018 (39)

Grenada1500 (5)-2013 (21)

Guadeloupe[No Data]

Haiti1500 (6)-2018 (37)

Jamaica1500 (6)-2018 (36)

Martinique[No Data]

Montserrat[No Data]

In 2010, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) awarded a subsidy to the Clio Infra project, of which Jan Luiten van Zanden was the main applicant and which is hosted by the International Institute of Social History (IISH). Clio Infra has set up a number of interconnected databases containing worldwide data on social, economic, and institutional indicators for the past five centuries, with special attention to the past 200 years. These indicators allow research into long-term development of worldwide economic growth and inequality.

Global inequality is one of the key problems of the contemporary world. Some countries have (recently) become wealthy, other countries have remained poor. New theoretical developments in economics - such as new institutional economics, new economic geography, and new growth theory - and the rise of global economic and social history require such processes to be studied on a worldwide scale. Clio Infra provides datasets for the most important indicators. Economic and social historians from around the world have been working together in thematic collaboratories, in order to collect and share their knowledge concerning the relevant indicators of economic performance and its causes. The collected data have been standardized, harmonized, and stored for future use. New indicators to study inequality have been developed. The datasets are accessible through the Clio Infra portal which also offers possibilities for visualization of the data. Clio Infra offers the opportunity to greatly enhance our understanding of the origins, causes and character of the process of global inequality.